Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the way your body metabolizes sugar (glucose), an important source of fuel for your body. Here are some key points on what happens when you have Type 2 diabetes:
Insulin Resistance: The body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin, a hormone that regulates the movement of sugar into your cells. As a result, your body needs more insulin to help sugar enter cells.
Pancreatic Function: Over time, the pancreas, which produces insulin, cannot keep up with the increased demand. Eventually, it may produce less insulin.
High Blood Sugar Levels: Due to insulin resistance and reduced insulin production, glucose builds up in the bloodstream instead of being used by the cells. This leads to high blood sugar levels.
Symptoms: Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, extreme hunger, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, irritability, blurred vision, slow-healing sores, and frequent infections.
Complications: Prolonged high blood sugar levels can lead to serious complications, such as:
Cardiovascular Disease: Increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure.
Nerve Damage (Neuropathy): High sugar levels can injure nerves, leading to tingling, numbness, or pain, especially in the legs and feet.
Kidney Damage (Nephropathy): The kidneys’ filtering system can be damaged, leading to kidney failure or irreversible end-stage kidney disease.
Eye Damage (Retinopathy): Increased risk of cataracts, glaucoma, and damage to the blood vessels of the retina, which can lead to blindness.
Foot Damage: Poor blood flow and nerve damage in the feet can lead to severe infections, ulcers, and even amputation.
Skin Conditions: Increased susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections.
Management: Managing Type 2 diabetes involves lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight. Medications or insulin therapy may be necessary to control blood sugar levels. Regular monitoring of blood sugar and medical check-ups are essential.